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Natura Montenegrina, 6, 2007

INFLUENCE OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS ON ENVIRONMENT

Danko OBRADOVIĆ¹

1 University of Montenegro, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, P. O. Box 211, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro

Key words:

transgenic plants,

commercial use

SYNOPSIS 

In 1983, transgenic plants were introduced by four groups of authors. However, commercial use of transgenic plants dates from 1996. Since its first application, cultivation area of transgenic crops around the world has been permanently increasing. Transferring of a transgene from microorganisms, animals, and distant plants, transgenic plants can obtain novel treats that would probably never be introduced by conventional breeding. New treats that plants can get in nature by spontaneous mutations and breeding occur slowly. During the evolution organisms have been accommodated to changes in their environment, in contrast to revolutionary changes introduced by molecular biology methods applied on production of transgenic crops. This can make disbalance among organisms and cause some ecological problems. Such problems can be solved by regulations which forbid use of transgenic crops without vigorous assays for safe application.

Ključne riječi:

transgene biljke,

komercijalna primena

SINOPSIS

UTICAJ TRANSGENIH BILJAKA NA ŽIVOTNU SREDINU

Četiri grupe autora su 1983. godine po prvi put dobile transgene biljke. Ipak, komercijalna primena transgenih biljaka datira od 1996. godine. Od svoje prve primene, obradiva površina pod transgenim kulturama širom sveta je u stalnom porastu. Transferom nekog gena iz mikroorganizama, životinja i nesrodnih biljaka, transgene biljke mogu dobiti nove osobine koje verovatno ne bi nikada dobile konvencionalnim ukrštanjem. Nova svojstva koja biljke mogu dobiti u prirodi spontanim mutacijama i ukrštanjem događaju se sporo. U toku evolucije organizmi su se prilagođavali na promene u njihovoj okolini za razliku od revolucionarnih promena koje su uvele metode molekularne biologije primenjene u proizvodnji transgenih kultura. Ovo može dovesti do disbalansa među organizmima i uzrokovati neke ekološke probleme. Takvi problemi mogu biti rešeni propisima koji zabranjuju primenu transgenih biljaka bez prethodne temeljne provere bezbednosti primene.