Natura Montenegrina No 4, 2005
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Natura Montenegrina No 4, 2005 |
DIFFERENT
CAPACITIES OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN SEVERAL MAIZE HYBRIDS GROWN ON TWO
TYPES OF POLLUTED SOIL
Nevena MIHAILOVIĆ1
Gordana DRAZIĆ2, Milorad ROŠULJ3
S y n o p s i s
The
experiment was carried out with two
soil types from the locations in
the vicinity of anthropogenic pollution sources: I – about 100 m from the
highway Belgrade-Novi Sad and II – near
the power plant “Kolubara”. In both soil types the presence of the following
heavy metals has been found: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and As. Eight maize hybrids
with various maturing times were grown on the samples of these soils for
14 days. After that, germination percent, fresh mass, as well as the contents of
the mentioned toxic elements were determined. It was found that the
hybrids with shorter maturing times germinated better on soil I, and the
remaining hybrids on soil II. All the hybrids (except one that did not
germinate) developed stronger roots on soil II. Cadmium was not accumulated in
any hybrid above the detection
threshold. Chromium and Pb accumulations varied
randomly and did not depend on the soil type. All investigated hybrids
accumulated Ni and As. Arsenic was accumulated to a higher degree from soil I,
and Ni from soil II. The results show that high capacities for As and Ni
accumulations are not encountered together in any of the eight hybrids. On the
whole, hybrid 5 (maturity time FAO 400) had the lowest affinity towards the
majority of analyzed elements (except Cr).
S i n o p s i s
RAZLIČITI KAPACITETI AKUMULACIJE TEŠKIH METALA U
NEKOLIKO HIBRIDA KUKURUZA NA DVA TIPA ZAGAĐENOG ZEMLJIŠTA
Za ovaj eksperiment korišćena su dva tipa zemljišta koja se nalaze
u blizini antropogenih izvora zagađenja: I – oko stotinu metara od
auto-puta i II – blizu termoelektrane “Kolubara”. U oba ova zemljišta
utvrđeno je prisustvo toksičnih elemenata: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni i As. Osam
hibrida kukuruza različtih grupa zrenja gajeni su na uzorcima ovih zemljišta
14 dana. Posle toga određen je procenat isklijavanja, masa pojedinih
biljnih organa, kao i sadržaj navedenih toksičnih elemenata u pojedinim
organima. Utvrđeno je da su hibridi ranijih grupa zrenja bolje isklijavali na zemljištu
I, a ostali na zemljištu II. Svi hibridi
(osim jednog koji nije isklijao) gajeni na zemljištu II imali su veću masu
korena. Nijedan hibrid nije
akumulirao Cd u koncentraciji iznad granice detekcije. Usvajanje Cr i Pb bilo je
vrlo sporadično i nije zavisilo od tipa zemljišta. Usvajanje Ni i As utvrđeno
je kod svih posmatranih hibrida. Arsen je u većoj meri usvajan iz zemljišta
I, a Ni iz zemljišta II. Iz rezultata se može zaključiti da se veliki
kapaciteti za usvajanje As i Ni ni u jednom hibridu ne pojavljuju zajedno.
Gledano u celini, genotip 5 (grupa zrenja FAO 400) ima najmanji afinitet prema
posmatranim elementima (izuzev Cr).
1,2 Institute
for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Banatska 31b, 11080 Zemun, Serbia and
Montenegro, e-mail:gprole@eunet.yu
3 Institute for Maize Research “Zemun-Polje”, 11080 Zemun, Slobodana Bajica bb