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Natura Montenegrina No 3, 2004 |
COMPETITORS AND PREDATORS THE CAUSE OF
CRAYFISH (Astacus astacus L.) NUMEROSITY
DECREASE IN THE WATERS OF NIKŠIĆ REGION
Drago
MARIĆ[1]
& Milka RAJKOVIĆ[2]
S y n o p s i s
The paper presents the analysis of the cause
of decrease of the numerosity of crayfish (Astacus
astacus L.) in the Nikšić Region's ecosystems (the Zeta River,
artificial lakes Slano, Krupac and Liverovići). Once numerous species in
this area, according to data of the most recent research, has drastically
degraded or even vanished from some sites, or it has become so scarce that it
has not been registered. Out of the parameters analyzed in this ecosystem
significant changes have only been established in fish fauna. In period when the
numerosity of the crayfish population in these ecosystems has been significant
(statistical data on catch), our of fish species only the salmonid species had
been recorded as well as Phoxinus phoxinus.
According to the latest studies, salmonids are very rare, whereas the cyprinid
ones have been numerous, and in Slano Lake Ictalurus
(Amiurus) nebulosus (Le Seur, 1819). The analysis of the nutrition of some
species has revealed that Leuciscus
caphalus intensively feeds on
crayfish. On basis of comparison with historical data and the latest
investigations in 2002 and 2003 of physical-chemical properties of water, bottom
fauna, fish nutrition and water crab population it is concluded that the main
cause of these changes would be the fish species.
Key words: competition, predatory, Nikšić
Region, fish, Astacus astacus
S i n o p s i s
KOMPETITORI I PREDATORI UZROK SMANJENJA BROJNOSTI RIJEČNOG RAKA (Astacus astacus L.) U VODAMA NIKŠIĆKOG REGIONA
U
radu je analiziran uzrok smanjenja brojnosti populacije riječnog raka (Astacus
astacus L.) u ekosistemima nikšićkog regiona (rijeka Zeta, akumulacije
Slano, Krupac i Liverovići). Nekad brojna vrsta na ovom području po
poslednjim istraživanjima drastično je degradirana i u nekim lokalitetima
je ili isčezla ili je tako malobrojna da zbog toga nije registrovana. Od
analiziranih parametara u ovim ekosistemima utvrđene su samo značajnije
promjene u fauni riba. U periodu kada je brojnost populacija riječnog raka
u ovim ekosistemima bila značajna (statistički podaci o ulovu) od
ribljih vrsta evidentirane su samo salmonidne vrste i Phoxinus phoxinus.
Po poslednjim istraživanjima salmonide su vrlo rijetke a brojne su ciprinidne
vrste i u Slanom jezeru Ictalurus
(Amiurus) nebulosus (Le Suer, 1819). Analizom ishrane nekih vrsta utvrđeno je da se Leuciscus
cephalus intenzivno hrani sa riječnim rakom.
Na osnovu komparacije sa podacima iz prošlosti i poslednjih istraživanja u
2002 i 2003-oj godini fizičko-hemijskih osobina vode, faune dna, faune riba,
ishrane riba i populacije riječnog raka zaključuje se da bi glavni
razlog tih promjena bile riblje vrste.
Ključne riječi: kompeticija, predatorstvo, nikšićki region,
ribe, Astacus astacus
[1]
Faculty of Science, University
of Montenegro, Cetinjski put bb, Podgorica, Serbia&Montenegro.
[2] Republic
Institution for the Protection of Nature, Trg. Vojv. Bećir-Bega
Osmanagića 16,
Podgorica, Serbia&Montenegro.