Natura Montenegrina No 3, 2004

UDK 591.53:597.5:595.384.1(497.1)(045)=111

  

COMPETITORS AND PREDATORS THE CAUSE OF CRAYFISH (Astacus astacus L.) NUMEROSITY DECREASE IN THE WATERS OF NIKŠIĆ REGION

 

Drago MARIĆ[1] & Milka RAJKOVIĆ[2]

 

S y n o p s i s

 

The paper presents the analysis of the cause of decrease of the numerosity of crayfish (Astacus astacus L.) in the Nikšić Region's ecosystems (the Zeta River, artificial lakes Slano, Krupac and Liverovići). Once numerous species in this area, according to data of the most recent research, has drastically degraded or even vanished from some sites, or it has become so scarce that it has not been registered. Out of the parameters analyzed in this ecosystem significant changes have only been established in fish fauna. In period when the numerosity of the crayfish population in these ecosystems has been significant (statistical data on catch), our of fish species only the salmonid species had been recorded as well as Phoxinus phoxinus. According to the latest studies, salmonids are very rare, whereas the cyprinid ones have been numerous, and in Slano Lake Ictalurus (Amiurus) nebulosus (Le Seur, 1819). The analysis of the nutrition of some species has revealed that Leuciscus caphalus  intensively feeds on crayfish. On basis of comparison with historical data and the latest investigations in 2002 and 2003 of physical-chemical properties of water, bottom fauna, fish nutrition and water crab population it is concluded that the main cause of these changes would be the fish species.

Key words: competition, predatory, Nikšić Region, fish, Astacus astacus

  

S i n o p s i s

 

KOMPETITORI I PREDATORI UZROK SMANJENJA BROJNOSTI RIJEČNOG RAKA (Astacus astacus L.) U VODAMA NIKŠIĆKOG REGIONA

 

            U radu je analiziran uzrok smanjenja brojnosti populacije riječnog raka (Astacus astacus L.) u ekosistemima nikšićkog regiona (rijeka Zeta, akumulacije Slano, Krupac i Liverovići). Nekad brojna vrsta na ovom području po poslednjim istraživanjima drastično je degradirana i u nekim lokalitetima je ili isčezla ili je tako malobrojna da zbog toga nije registrovana. Od analiziranih parametara u ovim ekosistemima utvrđene su samo značajnije promjene u fauni riba. U periodu kada je brojnost populacija riječnog raka u ovim ekosistemima bila značajna (statistički podaci o ulovu) od ribljih vrsta evidentirane su samo salmonidne vrste i Phoxinus phoxinus. Po poslednjim istraživanjima salmonide su vrlo rijetke a brojne su ciprinidne vrste i u Slanom jezeru Ictalurus (Amiurus) nebulosus (Le Suer, 1819). Analizom ishrane nekih vrsta utvrđeno je da se Leuciscus cephalus intenzivno hrani sa riječnim rakom. Na osnovu komparacije sa podacima iz prošlosti i poslednjih istraživanja u 2002 i 2003-oj godini fizičko-hemijskih osobina vode, faune dna, faune riba, ishrane riba i populacije riječnog raka zaključuje se da bi glavni razlog tih promjena bile riblje vrste.

Ključne riječi: kompeticija, predatorstvo, nikšićki region, ribe, Astacus astacus

 


[1] Faculty of Science, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put bb, Podgorica, Serbia&Montenegro.

[2] Republic Institution for the Protection of Nature, Trg. Vojv. Bećir-Bega Osmanagića 16, Podgorica, Serbia&Montenegro.