Natura Montenegrina No 3, 2004

UDK 612.014.46:546.48:633.32(045)=111

PHYTOTOXIC EFFECT AT WHITE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.) IN FUNCTION OF POLLUTANT CADMIUM

Lenka CVETANOVSKA¹, Suzana KRATOVALIEVA²,

Gordana DIMESKA³, Elizabeta GIRAZOVA⁴

S y n o p s i s

Heavy metals are characterised by a light phytoreceptiveness and they present a strong "stress" factor for plant metabolism. Their phytotoxicity is manifested throughout the symptoms that are similar to the  ones caused by the essential ions deficit, pointing to the similarity of initiated plant "defect". Morpho-anatomic investigations of white clover have revealed some changes in sclerenchime tissue thickness, cuticle thickness and shape as well as in arrangement of xylem and phloem vascular vessels. Epidermis is developed at the control plant group with a well-developed and relief-wrinkled cuticle, epistomatic leaves and well-developed xylem and phloem with centrally positioned lysigene emptiness. Sclerenchime cells have a well-developed cell wall with a minimal emptiness. Plants which are treated with the highest cadmium concentration (0.352 mmol/L CdSO₄´8H₂O) are characterised by a thinner and spoiled cuticle, lightly developed sclerenchim with wide emptiness and particularly thinner secondary cell wall while stomata apparature is involved subepidermaly.

Key words: phytotoxic effect, cadmium, morph-anatomy, white clover (Trifolium repens).

S i n o p s i s

FITOTOKSIČNI  EFEKAT KOD BELE DETELINE (TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.) U FUNKCIJI POLUTANTA KADMIJUMA

        Teški metali kao agresivni polutanti karakterišu se sa lakom fitoprijemljivošću, te pretstavljaju jak “faktor“stresa za biljni metabolizam. Njihova toksičnost manifestuje se simptomima koji su slični onima koji su prouzrokovani deficitom esencijalnih jona, ukazujući na sličnost iniciranih ”defekata” kod biljaka. Morfo-anatomska istraživanja bele deteline ukazuju na promene u debljini sklerenhimskog tkiva, debljini i forme kutikule i raspored ksilemskih i floemskih sprovodnih elemenata. Kod kontrolnih biljaka, epidermis ima dobro razvijenu reljefno nabranu kutikulu, epistomatičnih listova i dobro razvijen ksilem i floem sa centralno postavljenu lizigenu prazninu. Kletke sklerenhima imaju dobro razvijen ćelijski zid sa minimalnim lumenom. Biljke tretirane najvećom koncentracijom kadmijuma (0.352 mmol/L CdSO₄´8H₂O) imaju vidljivo istanjenu i masnu kutikulu, slabo razvijen sklerenhim sa širokim lumenima i osobito tanji sekundarni ćelijski zid, dok je stomin aparat uvučen subepidermalno.

Ključne reči: fitotoksični efekat, kadmijum, morfo-anatomija, bela detelina (Trifolium repens).

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^1, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia

² Institute of Agriculture, Aleksandar Makedonski bb, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.